Watercress

Watercress, Nasturtium officinale is one of the most consumed wild plants in the world. You’ve probably heard of it, maybe even seen it in a nice grocery store, but, if you’re unfamiliar with harvesting your own watercress or cooking with it in general, I hope I can share a couple points to help you positively identify, harvest, and enjoy it. 

In a canyon in Arizona. Watercress can be found across the United States. Save big money at your local stream.

Deliciously Invasive 

Before I hopefully inspire you to try some or propagate some in your nearby pond, know that watercress can be a bit invasive, and will take over streams and ponds. It was probably brought over by Europeans as a food plant, and it’s a wonderful food plant, but before you inoculate a stream near you by plopping some in, know that it will spread, which can be a good and bad thing depending on who you are, and where you are. That also means you should feel good about harvesting it if you find a good patch, even if it’s on public land. 

Watercress from a distance will look like rafts of green.

Cook that watercress!

I’m amazed at how many people I talk to that have gathered cress for years have never thought of cooking it. I love a good salad any time of the year, but, safety of eating raw cress aside, I harvest watercress in large amounts specifically so I can cook it, since it’s easier to eat large quantities cooked than it is raw. Consume mass quanitites!

A quick steam is my favorite way to enjoy this plant, with a good glob of butter, salt and lemon at the end.

Safety, Pollution, and Liver Fluke 

Whether you’re picking in a spring or creek, a pond, or wherever else, you need to know about the water you’re picking it from, and a few other things. If you’re new to picking watercress, hands down the most important thing in my view, is knowing that the water is clean.

Even in situations where you know the water is good, like my private spring that’s pictured here, nature happens: keep your eyes peeled for decomposing animals, or other dead things floating in the water, and if you are at all skeptical of where you’re harvesting, skip the watercress, or blanch it in a large volume of salted water (start with a gallon). 

I’m lucky, since I can easily inspect the entire pond while I’m harvesting, If you pick from a flowing stream, things can be more difficult to sniff out, the rotting beaver carcass or hog farm may be out of sight, up stream. Know where you’re picking from, and inspect it before you harvest. Regarding liver fluke specifically (a nasty thing) I’ve heard that it’s probably too cold for them to thrive in cold-ish places where I harvest in Minnesota and Wisconsin, but to be safe, you can always cook your cress.

Very young, small watercress. If you see this, keep looking along the stream for a bigger patch. Note the long roots which are helpful in the ID process. 

Variation in leaf shape 

One thing people find confusing is the shape of watercress leaves. When you see watercress in the store, it will generally be circular-shaped leaves. In the wild though, it’s different, and as the plants get older they will develop oval or lance shaped leaves. 

Tips

1. When in doubt, cook your watercress in a large volume of salted water which will kill bacteria and parasites, especially liver fluke. Cooking also makes it easier to eat large amounts of the greens you love.
2. Watercress is notorious for harboring small snails and bugs, inspect any you harvest carefully, especially if it was under the water.
3. Always wash your watercress in cold water before eating, especially if it was touching the water. Immersing the cress in cold water also refreshes it and makes it come back to life, an important trick to have around if it was purchased or a bit wilted.
4. Pick watercress from above the water, which is going to be a lot easier to clean, safer, as well as more attractive on the plate. The only time I don’t do this is in the Winter, which I only do occasionally–and I always cook it to sterilize it then. 
5. Be comfortable with the water source you are harvesting from. When in doubt, don’t pick it. If you’ve picked some and want to eat it, refer to tip #1.
   

   You never know who has been in the watercress pond, or what they’ve done in there, so I pick watercress from above the water line.

Harvesting 

I put some waders on and get into the spring, about waist height with a plastic cooler and a scissors. Why a cooler? Because it floats. If I don’t have a cooler, I might use a restaurant fish box, at home, you could use something like a, shallow, thin, plastic tub, something like an underbed box.

But, even if all you have is a hand or an extra shirt, you’ll be fine. I use a long scissors since it’s very efficient, and keeps the quality of the greens I want to serve more than cutting with a knife, which can bruise the greens.

Watercress has a natural affinity for orange foods with carotene, as well as citrus.

Cooking 

Flavor 

Watercress is prized for it’s spicy, brassica flavor that may remind you of mustard greens, but it really shines for the speed and bountiful harvest that a single patch and a scissors can provide. In just a few clips of a scissors, you can fill a cooler and harvest enough food to last a good period of time.

The flavor is going to be reminiscent of other plants in the mustard family: spicy hot, a bit like horseradish or radishes, with a heat increases in the summer as the plants get more sun. Early in the year, they’ll be mild and enjoyable by everyone, and there’s just about nothing better than a steaming hot, tender pile of cooked watercress with lemon and a knob of butter. Even in the height of the growing season, when raw cress is spicy hot, cooked watercress still makes a mild tasting, delicious vegetable, just cook the stems a bit longer to make them tender.

Another play on the carrot-orange-green combo. Simple watercress soup is a classic.

Serving Ideas

• Wilt large amounts just like any other leafy green!
• Watercress isn’t only for enjoying raw, toss chopped cress into soups and stews, too, just make sure to give it a good chop so the stems don’t hang all over your spoon.
• One of my favorite ways to have it is a ham sandwich, a really nice ham sandwich, with plenty of butter or mayo.
• Use it to top hot food, just as you would arugula: on top of flatbread, pizza, pasta, anything. Dress it with a little olive oil, lemon and a pinch of salt and put it on everything. The contrast of hot and cold is really nice.
• The spicy flavor of cress is particularly good with sweet things. Think carrots, beet salads, mixed with orange segments and some nice goat cheese, or a combination of all of them. 

The flowers 

If you want to harvest the flowers for a garnish, use a shallow plastic container and use it strictly for flowers, instead of lumping them in with the rest and trying to fish them out later, flowers are more delicate, and getting jostled around can make them spoil faster. Store the flowers in a container or bag with a damp cloth or towel.

I love using watercress as a garnish for meat or fish, much better than microgreens.

Tips for serving and cleaning 

Wash your watercress in cold water for a few minutes, or longer if it’s wilted or has been in a warm car on a ride back to your kitchen, then spin dry in a salad spinner, store in a plastic bag with a corner open, and refrigerate. 

When you’re serving watercress, you can get a little more creative with the flavors than with something very mild like romaine, since watercress is a little spicy, it can stand up to some stronger flavors, although a little lemon juice, good olive oil, and a pinch of salt is usually all I put on mine, a little anchovy vinaigrette and parmesan is great for a watercress Caesar.

Steak with a watercress salad is a classic combination.

Harvesting in the Winter

Absolutely! Even in the cold weather climate where I live in Minnesota, I can harvest watercress from the private, bubbling spring I have access to. It will have a higher proportion of stem to leaves in the winter, and I usually cook it since it’s below water, but it’s still water cress, and it’s delicious.

Watercress harvested in the winter will need to be well washed since they’ll be growing directly in the water. The stems will be discarded, and I only use the top clusters. I also cook it if I pick it growing on the water.

Print Recipe

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Quick Steamed Watercress

The most basic way I use to cook fresh, mild-tasting greens like watercress

Prep Time5 mins

Cook Time10 mins

Course: Side Dish

Cuisine: American

Keyword: Steaming, Wild greens

Equipment

• 1 gallon sized pot with lid or another pot with tall sides

Ingredients

• Fresh wild greens enough to completely fill your pot, about 8 ounces
• Salt
• Your choice of fat like butter lard, or your favorite oil
• Fresh lemon juice or vinegar to taste

Instructions

• Wash the greens, looking them over for bugs, debris, leaves, or other foreign objects, then dry them well, preferably in a small salad spinner.
• Put a film of water in the bottom of the pot, add the greens—I like to add them until they completely fill the pot--sometimes I add them in batches if I need to feed a lot of people. . Put the lid on the pot, and turn the heat to medium-high and wait a few minutes until the pan gets very hot.
• Take the lid off and using tongs, vigorously stir the greens around in a circular motion for moment or two to distribute the heat, then put the lid back on and cook for another minute or two, and repeat until the greens are wilted.
• Now taste the greens and judge their tenderness, if they need a little more time, continue cooking, and add a splashes of water if needed to keep it juicy. Keep cooking and tasting the greens--young ones will cook fast, mature leaves could take 15 minutes or more.
• When the greens are cooked and taste good to you, turn the heat off. There should be a very small amount of water in the bottom of the pan--drain that off.
• Drizzle a little fat of your choice and salt to taste then, mix very well in a circular motion to distribute everything, taste again, adjust as needed, then serve, with lemon or dashes of vinegar if you like.

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