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Yellowfoot Chanterelles

Yellowfoot Chanterelles

True Craterellus tubaeformis. These are from Oregon, not from Minnesota and Wisconsin, where I hunt. If you buy yellowfoot chanterelles commerically, more than likely this is the species you’ll receive, and there good. 

Small, fragile, and petite, yellowfoot chanterelles, also known as Craterellus tubaeformis (formerly Cantharellus), among a few other closely related species, are a great mushroom to collect for the table. To complicate things, the species I have pictured in this post are only two of a number of mushrooms that fall under the umbrella of what we would call “yellowfoot chanterelles”. Technically there’s Craterellus sphaerosporus, lutecens, and tubaeformis that I know of, and there are likely more that are undocumented.

For the majority of you reading this, you’ll be looking at mushrooms that resemble the picture at the top of this post. But, if you live in the Midwest, you’re going to see a different species, actually a better tasting, and more visually attractive mushroom, but, unfortunately, you’re not going to see as many of them, heck, you’ll see only a fraction of them compared to what a hunter on the West Coast will see.

Yellowfeet from California and the Pacific Northwest just fruit heavier than the species we have in the Midwest, and the same is true with actual chanterelles, or mushrooms allowed to be in the Cantharellus family (yellowfeet used to be in Cantharellus but have since been moved to the trumpet family, and it makes a lot of sense)  So, even though our species tastes better, it’s nothing to right home about, since, if you end up finding enough for dinner, you’re in the top skill percentile of Midwestern mushroom hunters, and even then, you probably got lucky. If you don’t know what you’re looking for, these things (especially in the Midwest) are teeny tiny, and easy to walk right past. Here’s a side-by-side comparison of the two different species below, note the scale of the Minnesota species, these are small mushrooms, where the PNW are 2-3 times the size. What kind of differences can you pick out?

Yellowfoot chanterelles craterellus tubaeformis and friends
Yellowfeet from Minnesota.
Yellowfoot chanterelles craterellus tubaeformis and friends
Yellowfeet from Oregon.

Habitat 

Where I pick these in Minnesota, they like to grow in wet areas, typically near oaks-the same places you might find black trumpets, so if you know a place where trumpets grow, make sure to look around the area for yellow feet too. Hunting around small ponds and areas that hold moisture are really your best bet for these, they really like it damp, and wet.

Since they’re mycorhizal, they will come back year after year in the exact same places, rain permitting. I don’t usually find them in mass quantities, but I know that in the Pacific Northwest they can be picked in very large numbers, and I used to go through 30 lbs a week during the Winter mushroom season. With their small size, and hollow stem, just like black trumpets, 30lbs is a lot. If you find a lb of these, consider yourself a winner, and don’t forget where you picked them.

Yellow foot chanterelles or Craterellus tubaeformis

Yellowfoot chanterelles in Minnesota, I pick small amounts of these every year in a very wet woods, in one of the same places I pick black trumpets.

Cooking 

Flavor wise these are great, they have a sweet aroma like a golden chanterelle, but a structure that’s similar to a black trumpet, with their hollow stem and thin flesh.

You’ll need to find a bunch of these to make a meal, since when they hit a pan they wilt quickly and cook down, but their flavor makes up for that, as well as the fact that they dry easily. They’re a great addition to any sort of broth or stock, and of course, like most mushrooms their flavor is amplified by cooking them with cream.

yellowfoot chanterelle consomme with northern pike mousseline dumplings

Yellowfeet are great rehydrated in simple soups and broths.

When I find these, I typically dry them for future use, since if they were picked in an area that was sandy or after a rain, they will be dirty, and cleaning them with a brush is liable to just break them apart without getting them clean at all. If you dry them though, their structure tightens up a bit, and swishing them around in some of their reconstituting liquid will allow you to remove all of the grit, no problem.

These can also be pickled, but I would make sure to use a mild flavored pickling liquid, without sugar. Another great way to enjoy them is a conserve, which is something in between a marinade and a pickle.

dried yellowfoot chanterelles

Yellowfeet dry very easily

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🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 Last entry. I’ve saved t 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

Last entry. I’ve saved the smallest, fern gulliest plant for last. 

False Mermaid Weed (Floerkea proserpinacoides) is a good little plant Sam Thayer showed me. It’s tiny, as in all the photos are from me on my belly, in a wet ditch. It’s so small it’s hard to get the camera to even focus on it (see pic with my finger for scale). 

Mermaid weed likes wet areas, like ditches and spots that hold a bit of water (perfect mosquito habitat😁). 

Like chickweed, Floerkia greens are like nature’s Microgreens. They’re in the Limnanthaceae, (a new-ish group of brassicas) and like the Toothwort form earlier this week, you’ll taste a strong mustard-family flavor in a mouthful of their tender stems. 

They’re literally wild mustard sprouts, and, unlike other wild sprouts (garlic mustard 🤬) they stay sprouts, and, they actually taste good. 

It has a wide range over much of the eastern and western U.S., and is listed as secure globally, but is endangered in some states and shouldn’t be disturbed in those places. 

I’m lucky enough to have some large colonies near me so I do clip a few handfuls each year-my annual reward for removing some of the garlic mustard nearby, that, along with atvs, dirt bikes, and contamination from local water pollution, is one of the biggest threats to this tiny green. 

#floerkiaproserpinacoides 
#wildsprouts #mustardsprouts #ferngully #tiny #foraging #mermaid #🧜‍♀️
🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 Virginia Bluebells (Merten 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica) are one of the most beautiful harbingers of spring I know, as well as one of the most delicious. 

They’re in the Borage family, along with the namesake plant, Comfrey (which I only eat a few flowers of occasionally) and Honeywort. 

The flavor of the greens, like borage, has a rich flavor some people might describe as mushroomy or fishy, but after a just a few moments of cooking (30-60 seconds) they get mild and delicious, with a subtle bitterness. It’s a good bitter though-nothing like dandelions or garlic mustard that aren’t fit to be in the same basket, let alone on the same plate. 

The shoots are sweet and delicious, much more mild than the greens. As they can grow to be over a foot long, they’re almost more of a vegetable than a leafy green, depending on when you harvest them. 

Bluebells love moist, rich soil, but you don’t have to go to the woods to get them. Many people know Virginia Bluebells as a garden plant, and they can make a great edible addition to your landscape.

#virginiabluebells #foraging #ephemerals #springwildflowers #wildfoodlove #mertensiavirginica
🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 Narrow-leaved Wild Leek / 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

Narrow-leaved Wild Leek / White Ramp (Allium burdickii) 

If you’re in a ramp patch you might occasionally see some with white stems (pic 1,2). These are a cousin to the more common variety with much larger leaves and red stems (pic 3,4,5)

Allium burdickii is not as common as the red-stemmed variety, and in every ramp patch I’ve been in, the white ramp is heavily outnumbered. 

Where I harvest, I like to leave them alone, and mark the areas where they grow with sticks or middens on the ground so I can go back in the fall and help them spread their seeds. I also try and remove garlic mustard when I see it-a much more imminent threat in my mind to ramps than foragers out to gather some leaves. 

2020 was a banner year for ramp seeds, and you can still help the plants right now (pic 7) as some seed heads are still full and would love for you to give them a shake as you walk by. 

#alliumburdickii #ramps #ephemerals #foraging #spring
🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 #4: Erythronium leaves E 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

#4: Erythronium leaves 

Erythronium (Trout Lily) are another ephemeral that I see widespread in my ramp patches, there’s at least 32 species world-wide, with at least one endangered species in MN (Dwarf Trout Lily). 

They’re a beautiful, delicious plant I eat every year, but I can’t recommend serving them to the general public. Plenty of people say these are edible, but also emetic if eaten in “quantity”. 

I can tell you, at least with E. albidum and E. americanum I’ve eaten, that some people are much more sensitive than others, so if you want to make a salad to serve people, make sure they’re comfortable eating it, and use a few leaves as a garnish. 

Funny enough, I didn’t learn about these from a foraging book. Like knotweed, I learned about them from one of my favorite chefs: Michel Bras, one of the most influential chefs of the turn of the 21 century. 

Any chef that works with wild plants owes a debt to Bras. His book, although a little dated now, still teaches me new things all the time. While flipping through the book I also caught a recipe using tansy flowers 😳 that I’d probably pass on. 

The whitefish crusted with sunflower seeds is a dish of mine from 2012, and an example of how I eat the leaves: a few at a time, as a garnish. 

#troutlily #erythronium #michelbras #ephemerals #foraging
🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 Plant #3: Cutleaf Toothwor 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

Plant #3: Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata) is another beautiful spring wildflower that loves to grow in the same habitat you’ll see ramps and spring beauty. 

Its small at first, but grows to a worthy size for eating as it flowers. It’s related to cabbage and mustard greens (Brassicaceae) and eating just a few leaves will give you a potent, spicy pop of mustard-family flavor reminiscent of horseradish. 

Eaten in combination with other things, like in a salad, the flavor becomes submissive and you’ll barely know it’s there. 

Some people eat the spicy roots shaped like canine teeth, but for the work I hardly think they’re worth it. 

A great wild spring green for the salad bowl-eat them leaves, tender stem, flowers and all🤤. 

#cutleaftoothwort #cadamineconcatenata #ephemeral #springedibles #foraging #wildfoodlove
🌱Ephemeral Week🌱 Plant #2 is Virginia water 🌱Ephemeral Week🌱

Plant #2 is Virginia waterleaf, and, I’m cheating a bit as it’s semi-ephemeral. The plant comes up in spring and goes to flower, but gives a second harvest of fresh growth in the fall, where other ephemerals I know do not. 

This is a great starter wild green-easy to recognize with the splashes of white on the leaves that may or may not be present. After you learn it though, don’t be surprised if, like me, you eventually pass it up for more delicious greens nearby. 

The plant gets tough quick, and the flavor is..meh, so I usually have small amounts of very young greens in blends of blanched and sautéed mixes. 

My favorite part is the wee flower buds, that, if you get at the right time, can be harvested in decent quantity and are good steamed as they’ll soak up oil sautéed. 

#hydrophyllumvirginianum #waterleaf #foraging #fueledbynature #weedeater
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